1.  Which age group has the greatest potential to demonstrate regression when they are sick?

A. Adolescent

B. Young Adult

C. Toddler

D. Infant

2.   Which is a major concern when providing drug therapy for older adults?

1. Alcohol is used by older adults to cope with the multiple problems of aging
2. Hepatic clearance is reduced in older adults
3. Older adults have difficulty in swallowing large tablets
4. Older adults may chew on tablets instead of swallowing them.

3.   One of the participants attending a parenting class asks the teacher “what is the leading cause of death during the first month of life? 

1. Congenital Abnormalities
2. Low birth weight
3. SIDS
4. Infection

4.    Which stage of development is most unstable and challenging regarding development of personal identity?

1. Adolescence
2. Toddler hood
3. Childhood
4. Infancy

5.     Which age group would have a tendency towards eating disorders?

A.  Adolescence

B.  Toddler hood

C.  Childhood

D.  Infancy

6.     When assessing an older adult. The nurse may expect an increase in:

1. Nail growth
2. Skin turgor
3. Urine residual
4. Nerve conduction

7.    A maternity nurse is providing instruction to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant.  Using Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, the nurse would instruct the mother to

1. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need
2. Anticipate all of the needs of the newborn infant
3. Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying
4. Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying

8.    A mother of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums.  The nurse most appropriately tells the mother to:

1. Punish the child every time the child says “no”, to change the  behavior
2. Allow the behavior because this is normal at this age period
3. Set limits on the child’s behavior
4. Ignore the child when this behavior occurs

9.    The parents of a 2-year-old arrive at a hospital to visit their child.  The child is in the playroom when the parents arrive.  When the parents enter the playroom, the child does not readily approach the parents.  The nurse interprets this behavior as indicating that:

1. The child is withdrawn
2. The child is self-centered
3. The child has adjusted to the hospitalized setting
4. This is a normal pattern

10.  The mother of a 3-year-old is concerned because her child still is insisting on a bottle at nap time and at bedtime.  Which of the following is the most appropriate suggestion to the mother?

1. Do not allow the child to have the bottle
2. Allow the bottle during naps but not at bedtime
3. Allow the bottle if it contains juice
4. Allow the bottle if it contains water

11.  A nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a 2-year-old.  Which of the following does the nurse expect to observe in this child?

1. Uses a fork to eat
2. Uses a cup to drink
3. Uses a knife for cutting food
4. Pours own milk into a cup

12.   The nurse is providing an educational session to new employees, and the topic is abuse to the older client.  The nurse tells the employees that which client is most characteristic of a victim of abuse

1. A 90-year-old woman with advanced Parkinson’s disease
2. A 68-year-old man with newly diagnosed cataracts
3. A 70-year-old woman with early diagnosed Lyme’s disease
4. A 74-year-old man with moderate hypertension

13.  The home care nurse is visiting an older female client whose husband died 6 months ago.  Which behavior, by the client, indicates ineffective coping?

1. Visiting her husband’s grave once a month
2. Participating in a senior citizens program
3. Looking at old snapshots of her family
4. Neglecting her personal grooming

14.   A clinic nurse assesses the communication patterns of a 5-month-old infant.  The nurse determines that the infant is demonstrating the highest level of developmental achievement expected if the infant:

1. Uses simple words such as “mama”
2. Uses monosyllabic babbling
3. Links syllables together
4. Coos when comforted

15.  A nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur.  The nurse plans care, knowing that which of the following is the most appropriate activity for this child?

1. Large picture books
2. A radio
3. Crayons and coloring book
4. A sports video

16.  A 16-year-old is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis, and an appendectomy is performed.  Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate to facilitate normal growth and development?

1. Allow the family to bring in the child’s favorite computer games
2. Encourage the parents to room-in with the child
3. Encourage the child to rest and read
4. Allow the child to participate in activities with other individuals in the same age group when the condition permits

17.  The mother of a toddler asks a nurse when it is safe to place the car safety seat in a face-forward position.  The best nursing response is which of the following?

1. When the toddler weighs 20 lbs
2. The seat should not be placed in a face-forward position unless there are safety locks in the car
3. The seat should never be place in a face-forward position because the risk of the child unbuckling the harness
4. When the weight of the toddler is greater than 40 lbs

18.   The nurse is caring for an agitated older client with Alzheimer’s disease.  Which nursing intervention most likely would calm the client?

1. Playing a radio
2. Turning the lights out
3. Putting an arm around the client’s waist
4. Encouraging group participation

19.  The nurse who volunteers at a senior citizens center is planning activities for the members who attend the center.  Which activity would best promote health and maintenance for these senior citizens?

1. Gardening every day for an hour
2. Cycling 3 times a week for 20 minutes
3. Sculpting once a week for 40 minutes
4. Walking 3 to 5 times a week for 30 minutes

1.  C.

2.  B.

3. 

4.  A.

5.  A.

6.  C.

7.  A. According to Erikson, the caregiver should not try to anticipate the newborn infant’s needs at all times but must allow the newborn infant to signal needs.  If a newborn is not allowed to signal a need, the newborn will not learn how to control the environment.  Erikson believed that a delayed or prolonged response to a newborn’s signal would inhibit the development of trust and lead to mistrust of others.

8.  C.  According to Erikson, the child focuses on independence between ages 1 and 3 years.  Gaining independence often means that the child has to rebel against the parents’ wishes.  Saying things like “no” or “mine” and having temper tantrums are common during this period of development.  Being consistent and setting limits on the child’s behavior are the necessary elements.

9.  D.  The phases through which young children progress when separated from their parents include protest, despair, and denial or detachment.  In the stage of protest, when the parents return, the child readily goes to them.  In the stage of despair, the child may not approach them readily or may cling to a parent.  In denial or detachment, when the parents return, the child becomes cheerful, interested in the environment and new persons (seemingly unaware of the lost parents), friendly with the staff, and interested in developing superficial relationships.

10. D.  A toddler should never be allowed to fall asleep with a bottle containing milk, juice, soda, or sweetened water because of the risk or nursing caries.  If a bottle is allowed at nap time or bedtime, it should contain only water.

11.  B.  By age 2 years, the child can use a cup and can use a spoon correctly but with some spilling.  By ages 3 to 4, the child begins to use a fork.  By the end of the preschool period, the child should be able to pour milk into a cup and begin to use a knife for cutting.

12. A.   The typical abuse victim is a woman of advanced age with few social contacts and at least one physical or mental impairment that limits the ability to perform activities of daily living.  In addition, the client usually lives alone or with the abuser and depends on the abuser for care.

13.  D.  Coping mechanisms are behaviors used to decrease stress and anxiety.  In response to a death, ineffective coping is manifested by an extreme behavior that in some instances may be harmful to the individual physically or psychologically.  Option D is indicative of a behavior that indentifies an ineffective coping behavior in the grieving process.

14. B.  Using monosyllabic babbling occurs between 3 and 6 months of age.  Using simple words such as “mama” occurs between 9 and 12 months.  Linking syllables together when communicating occurs between 6 and 9 months.  Cooing begins at birth and continues until 2 months.

15.  C. In the preschooler, play is simple and imaginative and includes activities such as crayons and coloring books, puppets, felt and magnetic boards, and Play-Doh.  Large picture books are most appropriate for the infant.  A radio and a sports video are most appropriate for the adolescent.

16. D. Adolescents often are not sure whether they want their parents with them when they are hospitalized.  Because of the importance of the peer group, separation from friends is a source of anxiety.  Ideally, the members of the peer group will support their ill friend.  Options a, b, and c isolate the child from the peer group.

17.  A.  The transition point for switching to the forward facing position is defined by the manufacturer of the convertible car safety seat but is generally at a body weight of 9 kg or 20 lb and 1 year of age.  Convertible car safety seats are used until the child weighs at least 40 lb.  Options b, c, and d are incorrect

18.  C. Nursing interventions for the client with Alzheimer’s disease who is angry, frustrated, or hostile include decreasing environmental stimuli, approaching the client calmy and with assurance, not demanding anything from the client, and distracting the client.  For the nurse to reach out, touch, hold a hand, put an arm around the waist, or in some way maintain physical contact is important.  Playing a radio may increase stimuli, and turning the lights out may produce more agitation.  The client with Alzheimer’s disease would not be a candidate for group work if the client is agitated.

19.  D.  Exercise and activity are essential for health promotion and maintenance in the older adult and to achieve an optimal level of functioning.  About half of the physical deterioration of the older client is caused by disuse rather that by the aging process or disease.  One of the best exercises for an older adult is walking, progressing to 30 minutes session 3 to 5 times each week.  Swimming and dancing are also beneficial.

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